Encyclo-BEADia
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Backstitch - A type of embroidery, sewing and needlework stitch where individual stitches are created in the opposite direction to the direction of the seam. Backstitch is usually utilized to outline shapes, add fine detail or embellish particular parts of a needlework project.

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Bail - A metal loop that is used to attach a chain or cord to a pendant.

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Bail Pendant Mount - Bonds to any flat-backed item to make a pendant.

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Bakelite™ - The trademarked name for synthetic resins and plastics developed by a US chemist. Jewelry pieces made of Bakelite, especially with animal and fruit motifs, were extremely popular in the US in the 1930s and are now considered collectors items. Though still a highly specialized category, Bakelite has had something of a renaissance in this country in recent years.

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Ball Joint Clasp - A clasp which uses pressure on the ball portion to keep the clasp closed.

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Bangle - An inflexible circular bracelet, often narrow in width. Some styles may be hinged, however most bangles have no clasp and must be slipped over the hand to be worn. It can be made of metal, wood, glass, plastic or other materials.

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Bar-and-Ring Clasp - (see also Toggle Clasp ) An immensely popular two-piece clasp with one "T" shaped bar and a loop. The loop is usually a circle, but sometimes other shapes such as a star, heart, leaf or square are used. The clasp is closed by pulling the "T" shaped bar though the open loop, then releasing so the bar straddles the loop.

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Baroque Pearl - An irregularly shaped pearl, whether natural, cultured or manufactured. Can also refer to a highly-embellished artistic style from the 1600s to 1750s which included artists Caravaggio and Rembrandt (as well as musicians such as Bach and Vivaldi).

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Barrel Bead - A tubular bead which is wider across the center and narrows at the ends, with a flat non-tapering end. It is shaped like an old wooden barrel, like those seen on old sailing ships.

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Barrel Clasp - (see also Screw Clasp and Torpedo Clasp) A low-profile clasp with a threaded closure, which is twisted or screwed to open and to close. Can include Bead Clasp styles.

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Bayonet Clasp - A clasp which looks like a bead and has a narrow bayonet closure.

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Bead - A generally hard material, in any shape and small to medium size, which contains a hole for stringing.

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Bead Board - Flat surface with channels used to design jewelry by offering a single or multiple channels. Some may be soft silicone, others may be flocked, in order to create a no-slip surface.

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Bead Cap - A bowl-shaped component used to "cap" one or both ends of a bead to add visual interest to a design. Mostly decorative, but can also prevent beads from rubbing against each other.

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Bead Clasp - A clasp which looks like a bead and has a magnet, screw, tab insert or bayonet closure. Can include Barrel Clasp, Bayonet Clasp, Box Clasp, Magnetic Clasp, Screw Clasp and Torpedo Clasp styles.

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Bead Embroidery - Using traditional embroidery or sewing stitches to attach beads to fabric, leather or other surfaces. Bead embroidery is commonly used to embellish clothing, shoes and home décor, although there are designer-artists who create complex art using the technique.

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Bead Loom - (also called beading loom) Frame designed to hold multiple strands of thread parallel. A piece of thread strung with seed beads in a predetermined order is run back and forth between every other thread to create a pattern.

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Bead Reamer - A tool used to smooth or enlarge the drill hole in a bead, or to soften the edges of the hole. Bead reamers can be manual or electric. Specialized reamers are available for other materials--see Pearl Reamer.

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Bead Weaving, Off-Loom - Weaving techniques adapted to create a flexible "fabric" out of seed beads and thread using a needle and thread.

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Bead Weaving, On-Loom - Weaving techniques adapted to create a flexible "fabric" out of seed beads and thread. Seed beads are woven between the warp threads on a Beading Loom to create a design or pattern.

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