Encyclo-BEADia
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Palladium - Palladium (pay-law-dee-um) is a dense and lustrous, precious white-silver metal. Discovered in 1803 by William Wollaston, it is named palladium after the renowned asteroid Pallas, which is named after Athena, the ancient Greek Goddess of Wisdom. A cousin of the platinum metal group, this rare metal is popular for fine metal jewelry, findings and beads.

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Patina - The coloration that occurs in certain metals when they are exposed at length to the atmosphere. A thin, greenish layer appears on the surface of copper and bronze; a reddish effect on gold. An artificial patina can be created with acids or electrolyte.

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Pavé Setting - The method of setting stones very close together so that very little metal shows between them.

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Pearl Essence - Also called essence d'orient. A crystalline substance extracted from fish scales and combined with acrylic resins. Used to make imitation pearls. In better imitations, the essence is applied over opaline glass beads; in cheaper imitations, over plastic beads. Discovered in 1565 by Jaquin, a French manufacturer of rosaries, when he accidentally dipped some pearls into water in which he had washed fish. Refined versions today produce spectacular results.

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Pearl Reamer - A specialized file or hand drill used to complete or widen the drill hole in pearls.

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Pendant (PNDT) - An ornament suspended from a single chain.

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Pewter - A metal alloy that is largely made from tin with trace elements, like copper or antimony added for hardness. Older or classic pewter contains tin while lower grades of pewter may contain lead or zinc and have a darker silver-grey color. Newer or modern pewter uses antimony or bismuth rather than lead.

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Peyote Stitch  - An off-loom bead weaving technique used by many cultures across the world. In peyote stitch, beads are woven together in a zigzag. Peyote stitch has both flat and tube-shaped variations.

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Pickle - A liquid applied to a metal surface that removes surface impurities (such as stains, scale, rust and more).

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Platinum - A rare grey-white metal (and element) used in jewelry. It is resistant to tarnish and wear-and-tear.

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Pliers - A precision hand tool used for a variety of purposes in jewelry-making: to hold objects firmly, to cut or bend wire, to crimp or flatten components and others.

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Polishing - The process in the last stage of metal finishing in which a rotating instrument is dipped in a polishing substance. Increases shine and eliminates flaws.

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Polymer Clay - A plastic sculpting material made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), used to create jewelry beads and components. Kato Polyclay® is a brand of polymer clay.

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Pony Bead - (see also Crow Bead) A bead cut from a tube of glass or plastic, then tumbled and polished to smooth the edges. Used on the bottom of cornrow braids, in fringe and for some Native American styles.

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Porcelain Bead - Created from ceramic material and fired at a high temperature, leading to a stronger and tougher bead or component.

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Pottery Shard - A piece of broken pottery.

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Precious Stones - Rare and costly gems: diamonds, emeralds, rubies and sapphires.

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Princess Length - A 17- to 19-inch length necklace.

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Prong Bail - A finding used to attach a chain to a cross-drilled pendant.

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